Table 1.
Association between malaria and HIV-1 viral load.
| a) Malaria infection and HIV-1 plasma viral load
| |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Location | Period | Study Design | Endpoint/follow-up | Population | Malaria Diagnosis | Study Size | Mean difference (95% CI) | Viral load assay |
| Chen1 | Guangzhou, China | no details | Challenge | Acute malaria (10 febrile episodes) | HIV-1 positive individuals infected with malaria | P. vivax + 10 febrile episodes | 10 | 1.23 (1.01, 1.45) | bDNA |
| Hoffman2 | Malawi | 1997 | Cross-sectionala | n/a | Hospital-based HIV-1 positive individuals with or without malaria | P. falciparum + malaria symptoms | 89 | 0.83 (0.44, 1.22) | MASBA |
| Kublin3 | Malawi | 2000-1 | Cohort | Acute malaria after median of 112 malaria-free days | HIV-1/malaria co-infected individuals recruited through HIV screening | P. falciparum + fever | 36 | 0.42 (0.24, 0.60) | RT-PCR |
| French4 | Uganda | Cohort | no details | Hospital-based HIV-1/malaria coinfected individuals | P. falciparum + fever | 10 | 0.13 (−0.06, 0.32) | RT-PCR | |
| b) Malaria treatment and HIV-1 plasma viral load
| ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Location | Period | Study Design | Endpoint/follow-up | Population | Malaria Diagnosis | Treatment | Study Size | Mean difference (95% CI) | Viral load assay |
| Chen1 | Guangzhou, China | no details | Challenge | 1 month post-treatment | HIV-1 positive individuals infected with malaria | P. vivax + 10 febrile episodes | Chloroquine | 10 | −0.89 (−1.03, −0.75) | bDNA |
| Hoffman2 | Malawi | 1997 | Cohort | 28 days post-treatment | Hospital-based HIV-1/malaria coinfected individuals | P. falciparum + malaria symptoms | SP | 27 | −0.25 (−0.50, 0.00) | MASBA |
| Kublin3 | Malawi | 2000–1 | Cohort | mean 65 days post-treatment | HIV-1/malaria co-infected individuals recruited through HIV screening | P. falciparum + fever | SP | 36 | −0.37 (−0.55, −0.19) | RT-PCR |
| Tatfeng5 | Benin City, Nigeria | 2004–5 | Cohort | 9 days post-treatment | HIV-1/malaria co-infected individuals, recruited from clinics | P. falciparum + fever | Dihydroartemisinin | 144 | 1.12 (0.19, 2.05) | RT-PCR |
| Van Geertruyden6 | Ndola, Zambia | 2004–5 | Nested case-control | 28 days post-treatment | HIV-1/malaria co-infected individuals, recruited from clinics | P. falciparum >1000 parasites/μl + fever | SP or AL | 68 | −0.10 (−0.31, 0.11) | RT-PCR |
| French4 | Uganda | Cohort | no details | Hospital-based HIV-1/malaria coinfected individuals | P. falciparum + fever | SP | 10 | −0.20 (−0.51, 0.11) | RT-PCR | |
a
Baseline measurements from cohort study