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. 2011 Apr 9;2(2):53–63. doi: 10.4021/wjon301w

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Copyright 2011, Karmakar et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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In situ single and double immunofluorescent labelings to detect increases in expression of caspase-3 and AIF during apoptosis (TUNEL-positive cells) in SK-N-MC xenografts. Treatments for 8 days: CTL, 4-HPR (20 µg/kg/day), GST (2 mg/kg/day), and 4-HPR (20 µg/kg/day) plus 4-h later GST (2 mg/kg/day). (A) Combination therapy most significantly increased caspase-3 expression in SK-N-MC xenografts. (B) Caspase-3 expression in TUNEL-positive cells. (C) Combination therapy most significantly increased AIF expression in SK-N-MC xenografts. (D) AIF expression in TUNEL-positive cells. In bar graphs: 1 = CTL, 2 = 4-HPR, 3 = GST, and 4 = 4-HPR plus GST. Significant difference between CTL and a treatment was indicated by *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.001.