TABLE 1.

Flavonoids induce ALP activity in cultured osteoblasts

Data are means ± S.E., n = 3–5, each with triplicate samples. The value of S.E. is within 5% of the mean, which is not shown for clarity. +, ++, and +++ indicate the ranking of the ALP activity. − indicates no effect, i.e. below 10% of the increase. The working concentrations of 17β-estradiol, dexamethasone (Dex), and vitamin C (Vit. C) were 10, 20, and 250 nm, respectively. The submaximal doses of these drugs were used for comparison. For the tested flavonoids, three concentrations, 0.5, 5, and 50 μm were used. RNFG is corresponding to Radix Notoginseng flavonol glucoside or quercetin 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-β-d-galactopyranoside.

Flavonoid	ALP activity	Flavonoid	ALP activity	Flavonoid	ALP activity
Flavanones		Dihydrochalcones		Chalcones
Alpinetin	++	Phloretin	−	Cardamonin	−
Farrerol	+	Phlorizin	−	Flavanes
Liquiretin	−	Flavonols		(−)-Catechin	−
Naringenin	+	Dihydromyricetin	−	(−)-Epicatechin	−
Neohesperidin	+	Silybin	−	Flavonols
Flavones		Isoflavones		Galangin	+
Apigenin	−	Calycosin	+	Hyperin	++
Baicalein	−	Daidzein	+	Icariin	+
Baicalin	+++	Daidzin	+	Kaempferol	+
Luteolin	+	Formononetin	−	Kaempferol-3-O-glc	−
Scutellarin	−	Genistein	+	Quercetin	−
		Genistin	+	Quercetin-3-O-glc	−
Aurones		Pratensein	++	RNFG	−
Sulphuretin	−	4′,7-OCOCH3	+
Biflavones		Puerarin		17β-Estradiol	+
Ginkgetin	−	Tectoridin	−	Dex + Vit. C	+++