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. 2011 Jun 13;286(32):28533–28543. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.244327

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2.

Stage-dependent effects of RA antagonists on heart laterality. A and B, 91.1% of control embryos treated with DMSO developed D-loop heart (A), whereas 8.9% developed L-loop heart (B). C–E, 66.3, 12.1, and 21.6% of embryos treated with BMS453 from 32-cell to 2So developed D-loop (p < 0.002; n = 199) (C), L-loop (p > 0.40; n = 199) (D), and midline heart (p < 2.0 × 10−4; n = 199) (E), respectively. F–H, 39.3, 24.3, and 36.4% of embryos treated with BMS453 from 2So to 53 hpf showed D-loop (p < 2.0 × 10−4; n = 199) (F), L-loop (p < 0.0041; n = 199) (G), and midline heart (p < 3.0 × 10−4; n = 199) (H), respectively. I–N, in embryos treated with DEAB from 32-cell to 2So, 72.5, 9.2, and 18.3% developed D-loop (I), L-loop (J), and midline heart (K), respectively. Those respective ratios became 46.0 (L), 24.8 (M), and 29.2% (N) when embryos were treated with DEAB from 2So to 53 hpf. O, percentage of embryos showed different heart laterality. Tg(cmlc2:GFP) transgenic embryos were observed at 53 hpf. p values were calculated against control embryos treated with DMSO. L, left side; R, right side; L/R-bmp4MO, predominant distribution of bmp4MO on the left/right side.