Table 1.

Treatment and Control Group Comparison Primary Studies

Report	Sample*	Intervention	Outcome Measurement
Hudson (1991)	44 women between 30 and 62 years of age, mean age 44 years	Brisk walking initially three times per week for 20 minutes progressing to five times per week for 50 minutes over 12 months	State Trait Anxiety Inventory 12 months after starting intervention
Kerr & Vos (1993)	139 white-collar bank employees, mean age 39 years	Employee fitness program with onsite fitness facility using professionally trained physical education staff to increase endurance, strength, & flexibility	General Well-Being Questionnaire ‘Uptight’ factor to measure anxiety 15 months after starting the intervention
Kubitz & Landers (1993)	24 unfit college students, 60% female, mean age 23 years	Eight week aerobic training on cycle ergometer for 40 minutes three times per week at 60% to 85% heart rate reserve	State Trait Anxiety Inventory measured 8 weeks after beginning exercise
Lobitz, Brammell, Stoll & Niccoli (1983)	11 health sciences center volunteers, 50% female, mean age 37 years	Supervised one hour exercise periods on mechanical devices at 75% to 95% of maximum heart rate thrice weekly for seven weeks	State Trait Anxiety Inventory measured seven weeks after beginning exercise
McDowell, Black & Collishaw (1988)	1820 community volunteers, 76% female, mean age 40 years	Community health center health promotion program including personal goal setting, problem solving mutual support, and information in workshops of 15–20 participants and telephone follow up support	General Health Questionnaire Anxiety/Stress measured 18 months after starting the intervention
McGlynn, Franklin, Lauro & McGlynn (1983)	30 undergraduate students	Fourteen week one hour aerobics class twice weekly with unsupervised once weekly jogging session	State Trait Anxiety Inventory administered 14 weeks after beginning intervention
Nelson, McHugo, Schnurr, Devito, Roberts, Simmons, et al. (1984)	241 community dwelling adults, 80% female	Series of group education sessions focused on skills training, role playing, self-contracting, and health education.	Emotional health stress measured one year after beginning intervention
Nieman, Custer, Butterworth, Utter & Henson (2000)	87 overweight women, mean age 46 years	Twelve weeks of 45 minute walking sessions at 60% to 75% maximum heart rate	Profile of Mood States Tension subscale measured three months after starting exercise
Penny & Rust (1980)	24 middle aged women, mean age 43 years	Fifteen week twice weekly walking-jogging fitness class	Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Anxiety subscale measured 15 weeks after starting intervention
Peterson (1993)	218 university employees, 62% female, mean age 39 years	Worksite wellness program at major public university including supervised exercise classes	List of 30 physical manifestations of anxiety/stress administered varying lengths of time after starting the intervention
Sherman, Clark & McEwen (1989)	81 employees, 62% female, mean age 34 years	Wellness Council of Tucson information program designed to increase participants’ exercise	Six Likert-type questions to measure anxiety & stress three months after completing the intervention
Stone, Rothstein & Shoenhair (1991)	30 male corporate executives, mean age 53 years	Corporate supervised exercise program with individual exercise prescription for 30–60 minutes of aerobic exercise thrice weekly	Psychological profile with anxiety/stress 13 years after starting intervention
Walker (1984)	37 middle-class volunteers between 21 and 45 years of age, mean age 31 years	Eight week thrice weekly aerobic physical fitness program designed to achieve target heart rate	Anxiety/stress physical and emotional symptom checklist measured after completing the supervised exercise sessions

^*Sample sizes reflect the number of subjects included in the outcome analysis