Table II.

Polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticle formulations of curcumin.

Formulation	Method	Particle Size (nm)	Encapsulation Efficiency (%)	Advantages	Disadvantages	Refs.
PLGA NPs of curcumin for oral administration.	Solvent Evapration Diffusion	120–240 (PDI = 0.31)	77	26 fold increased oral bioavailability as compared to oral curcumin suspension.		37
PLGA and PEG NPs of curcumin for parenteral administration.	Nano-precipitation	80–90	97.5	Increased biological half life of curcumin. Enhanced inhibition of TNF induced NFkB activation as compared to free curcumin.		35
NIPAAM NPs of curcumin containing PEG monoacrylate.	Micellar Aggregation	~50	>90	Direct systemic administration. Increased efficacy at lower doses.		36
PLGA NPs of curcumin coated with thiolated chitosan.	Emulsion Solvent Evaporation	578±67 (pH 7.4)	28	~3.3 fold increased residence time on gastric mucosa.	Thiolation leads to increased particle size.	51
Butylcyanoacrylate NPs of curcumin coated with poloxamer 188.	Anionic Polymerization Solvent Evaporation	160–240 (PDI ~0.25)	78	Highly porous structure. Higher drug release at acidic pH for intracellular delivery to lysosomes.		59
NIPAAM NPs of curcumin multi layered with PLGA.	Free Radical Polymeriz -ation Double Emulsion Solvent Evaporation	500–1000	49.5	Potential to deliver both hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drugs simultaneously.	Probability of encapsulation of multiple particles inside PLGA layers.	65
Surface modified DMPC SLNs for parenteral administration.	Extrusion through 0.2 µM filter	187±53	97	Increased uptake by macrophages for maximal anti-inflammatory activity.	Cannot be stored for longer periods of time.	74