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. 2011 Sep 15;15(6):1567–1582. doi: 10.1089/ars.2010.3740

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Copyright 2011, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

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FIG. 5. — Biochemical pathways and inter-relationships between different oxidative species. Superoxide (), GSH, GSSG, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Red.), total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydroxide anion (⁻OH), hydroxyl radical (OH^•), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP⁺), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose (ADPR). Modified from Naziroğlu (80). (To see this illustration in color the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars).

Inline graphic — Biochemical pathways and inter-relationships between different oxidative species. Superoxide (), GSH, GSSG, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Red.), total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydroxide anion (⁻OH), hydroxyl radical (OH^•), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP⁺), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose (ADPR). Modified from Naziroğlu (80). (To see this illustration in color the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars).