FIG. 6.

p53 promotion of mitochondrial functions improves CRF and decreases oxidative stress to prevent DNA damage. Respiration consumes intracellular oxygen ([O₂]_ic) and NADH, both of which contribute to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and genomic instability. Concurrent inhibition of glycolysis decreases the generation of reducing equivalents (NADH) that serve as electron source to molecular oxygen. The pleiotropic nature of the mechanism by which CRF may contribute to tumor suppression is indicated by a dashed line. (To see this illustration in color the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars).