FIGURE 6.

Adjusted mean (±SE) change in bone mineral density (BMD) at the trochanter (A) and lumbar spine (B), by tertile (T) of lycopene intake in men, stratified by smoking status. The analysis was based on a general linear model, with Dunnett's adjustment for multiple comparisons. n = 43 (lumbar spine) to 52 (trochanter) in never smokers and n = 115 (lumbar spine) to 141 (trochanter) in ever smokers. P for trend = 0.04 at the lumbar spine in never smokers and 0.01 at the trochanter in ever smokers. Comparison with the lowest tertile: *P < 0.05, ^†P < 0.1. Models were adjusted for age (y) at exam 20, BMI (in kg/m²), height at exam 1 (inches), total energy intake (MJ/d), physical activity index at exam 20, alcohol intake [none, moderate (<26.4 g alcohol/d for men), or high (≥26.4 g alcohol/d for men)], intake of total calcium (mg/d), intake of total vitamin D (IU/d), intake of caffeine (mg/d), and multivitamin use (yes or no).