Table 3.
Unmatched Sample | Matched Sample | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gang Member |
Non-Gang Member |
t value |
Gang Member |
Non-Gang Member |
t value |
|
Wave 1 Covariates | ||||||
Delinquency | 10.46 | 4.01 | 27.34* | 10.20 | 9.90 | .54 |
Victimization | 2.83 | .85 | 27.44* | 2.77 | 2.61 | .95 |
Maternal Disengagement | 9.48 | 8.87 | 3.90* | 9.47 | 9.51 | −.18 |
Maternal Attachment | 9.33 | 9.42 | −1.78 | 9.33 | 9.32 | .19 |
Maternal Involvement | 3.83 | 4.04 | −2.34* | 3.83 | 3.95 | −.88 |
Parental Permissiveness | 4.86 | 5.04 | −2.48* | 4.87 | 4.65 | 2.04* |
Neighborhood Problems | 5.20 | 4.58 | 8.74* | 5.19 | 5.25 | −.60 |
Low Self-Control | 8.16 | 6.24 | 13.22* | 8.11 | 8.22 | −.48 |
Drug-using Peers | 4.10 | 2.25 | 15.57* | 4.04 | 3.97 | .36 |
Neuropsychological Deficits | 94.73 | 100.25 | −7.95* | 94.79 | 93.72 | 1.05 |
Gender | .68 | .47 | 8.95* | .68 | .68 | −.21 |
Race | .46 | .33 | 5.88* | .46 | .47 | −.32 |
Age | 15.54 | 15.71 | −2.25* | 15.52 | 15.48 | .45 |
N | 10,782 | 478 |
p<.05, two-tailed tests
Note: Standardized bias statistics are below 20 for all covariates in the "Matched Sample." The "Matched Sample" t-tests were gleaned from the Wave 2 nonviolent delinquency analysis.