TABLE 2.
Metabolic syndrome traits at the seventh follow-up examination across quintile (Q) categories of the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern score (MSDPS) in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort1
| Q1 (4.05–17.8) | Q2 (17.9–21.6) | Q3 (21.7–25.0) | Q4 (25.1–29.0) | Q5 (29.1–49.6) | P for trend2 | |
| n | 521 | 538 | 547 | 576 | 548 | |
| HOMA-IR3 | 3.38 (3.23, 3.53) | 3.37 (3.23, 3.51) | 3.30 (3.17, 3.44) | 3.27 (3.14, 3.40) | 3.16 (3.03, 3.30) | 0.02 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL)4 | 98.5 (97.6, 99.4) | 98.5 (97.6, 99.4) | 98.7 (97.8, 99.6) | 98.2 (97.3, 99.0) | 97.1 (96.3, 98.0) | 0.03 |
| Waist circumference (cm)5 | 98.9 (98.4, 99.4) | 98.2 (97.7, 98.6) | 98.6 (98.1, 99.0) | 98.2 (97.8, 98.6) | 97.1 (96.7, 97.6) | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL)6 | 114 (110, 119) | 112 (108, 117) | 111 (107, 116) | 108 (104, 112) | 103 (99, 107) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)7 | 53.3 (52.3, 54.2) | 51.9 (51.0, 52.8) | 54.0 (53.1, 54.9) | 53.9 (53.0, 54.8) | 54.0 (53.1, 55.0) | 0.02 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg)8 | ||||||
| Systolic | 122 (121, 123) | 122 (120, 123) | 121 (120, 122) | 122 (120, 123) | 121 (120, 123) | 0.70 |
| Diastolic9 | 74 (73, 74) | 74 (73, 74) | 73 (73, 74) | 74 (73, 75) | 73 (73, 74) | 0.96 |
Values are least-squares geometric means; 95% CIs in parentheses. HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance. Estimates are from multivariate models with adjustment for the following trait values at the fifth baseline examination: age (y), sex, smoking dose (cigarettes/d), BMI (kg/m2), energy intake (kcal/d), and change in BMI (kg/m2).
Tests for trends were based on linear regression with the use of the MSDPS median quintile category as a continuous variable.
On the basis of 2394 participants: 44 participants treated with insulin or an oral hypoglycemic at follow-up and 292 participants missing data on HOMA-IR at either baseline or follow-up were excluded.
On the basis of 2529 participants: 44 participants treated with insulin or oral hypoglycemic at follow-up and 157 participants missing data on fasting glucose at either baseline or follow-up were excluded.
On the basis of 2621 participants: 109 participants with missing data on waist circumference at either baseline or follow-up were excluded.
On the basis of 2056 participants: 553 participants treated with cholesterol-lowering medication and 121 participants missing data on triglycerides at either baseline or follow-up were excluded.
On the basis of 2050 participants: 553 participants treated with cholesterol-lowering medication and 127 participants missing data on HDL cholesterol at either baseline or follow-up were excluded.
On the basis of 1815 participants: 913 participants treated with hypertension-lowering medication and 2 participants missing data on blood pressure at either baseline or follow-up were excluded.
Values are least-squares means; 95% CIs in parentheses.