Figure 2.

The zim17Δ mutants exhibit higher levels of plasmid loss, mutation frequency and Rad52-YFP foci and reduced levels of protein oxidation and respiration. (A) Plasmid loss as determined by the percentage of pRS315-retaining cells after overnight growth on non-selective medium. (B) Mutation frequencies were calculated by fluctuation tests of canavanine resistant colony formation. (C) Rad52-YFP foci formation in S/G2 phase of rho⁺ (gray bar) and rho⁻ (black bar) strains. (D) Total amount of protein determined by Coomassie staining (left) and protein carbonylation (right). Quantification is indicated (bottom). (E) Intracellular ROS levels determined by dihydroethidium.