Adv-hHGF-hIL-1Ra-transduced hBMSCs helped to preserve islet viability against IL-1β stimulation. (a) Viability of naked islets after IL-1β stimulation for 4 days, as determined by calcein-AM/PI double staining. (b) Viability of islets co-cultured with AdvhHGF-hIL-1Ra-transduced hBMSCs after IL-1β stimulation for 4 days, as determined by calcein-AM/PI double staining. (c) Glucose-stimulated insulin release from islets alone, islets co-cultured with primary hBMSCs and islets IEs co-cultured with Adv-hHGF-hIL-1Ra-transduced hBMSCs at day 0, day 10, and day 14 after co-culturing, as determined by ELISA. 5 μg/ml IL-1β was added at day 10 (arrow) and incubated with islets for 4 days. Data are presented as the mean±SD, n=3. *P<0.05 under one-way ANOVA test.