Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Sample and Bivariate Analysis (X2 Test) of complementary and Alternative Medicine Utilization in Depressed Patients in Primary Care Settings (n = 415)
| |
|
Complementary and alternative medicine utilization |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | Total N (%) | Never/rarely N (%) | Moderate N (%) | Frequent N (%) | p-value |
| Age | 0.657 | ||||
| <45 | 119 (29) | 57 (48) | 27 (23) | 35 (29) | |
| 45–49 | 211 (51) | 83 (39) | 54 (26) | 74 (35) | |
| ≥60 | 85 (21) | 38 (45) | 20 (34) | 27 (32) | |
| Gender | 0.038 | ||||
| Male | 94 (23) | 33 (35) | 32 (34) | 29 (31) | |
| Female | 321 (77) | 145 (45) | 69 (22) | 107 (33) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.033 | ||||
| Hispanic | 276 (66) | 133 (48) | 62 (23) | 81 (29) | |
| African Americans | 85 (21) | 25 (29) | 24 (28) | 36 (42) | |
| Others | 54 (13) | 20 (37) | 15 (28) | 19 (35) | |
| Education | 0.172 | ||||
| <6th grade | 163 (41) | 79 (49) | 32 (20) | 52 (32) | |
| 9th–11th grade | 64 (16) | 26 (41) | 20 (31) | 18 (28) | |
| High school diploma | 81 (20) | 33 (41) | 19 (24) | 29 (36) | |
| College | 93 (23) | 30 (32) | 28 (30) | 35 (38) | |
| Medical care coverage | 0.001 | ||||
| No | 218 (53) | 111 (51) | 51 (26) | 79 (40) | |
| Yes | 197 (47) | 67 (34) | 50 (23) | 57 (26) | |
| Self-rated health status | 0.040 | ||||
| Excellent–Good | 83 (20) | 35 (42) | 13 (16) | 35 (42) | |
| Fair-Poor | 332 (80) | 143 (43) | 88 (27) | 101 (30) | |
| Self-reported functional impairment | 0.845 | ||||
| No impairment | 119 (29) | 53 (45) | 27 (23) | 39 (33) | |
| With impairment | 296 (71) | 125 (42) | 74 (25) | 97 (33) | |
| Clinical depression diagnosis | 0.500 | ||||
| No | 293 (70) | 128 (44) | 74 (25) | 91 (31) | |
| Yes | 122 (30) | 50 (41) | 27 (22) | 45 (45) | |
| Rx used for depression | 0.261 | ||||
| No | 299 (72) | 132 (44) | 76 (25) | 91 (30) | |
| Yes | 116 (28) | 46 (40) | 25 (22) | 45 (39) | |
| Depression severity (PHQ-9) | 0.012 | ||||
| Mild (PHQ < 10) | 98 (24) | 43 (44) | 26 (27) | 29 (30) | |
| Moderate (PHQ 10–14) | 103 (25) | 35 (34) | 22 (21) | 46 (45) | |
| Moderately severe (PHQ 15–19) | 131 (32) | 70 (53) | 25 (19) | 36 (28) | |
| Severe (PHQ ≥20) | 81 (20) | 28 (35) | 28 (35) | 25 (31) | |
PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire.