Table 6.
Plants used in Cameroon with evidence of their as antioxidant activities.
| Family | Speciesa | Traditional treatment | Plant part used | Bioactive (or potentially active) compoundsb | Screened activityc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ebenaceae | Diospyros sanza-minika A. Chevalier (9649/SRFCam) | Epilepsy, paralysis, convulsions, spasm, pains (Burkill, 1985) | Leaves | 11-O-p-hydroxybenzoylnorbergenin; 4-O-(30-methylgalloyl)norbergenin; 4-O-syringoylnorbergenin; norbergenin; 4-O-galloylnorbergenin; quercitol (Tangmouo et al., 2009) | DPPH scavenging activity: significant for 4-O-galloylnorbergenin, moderate for norbergenin, 11-O-p-Hydroxybenzoylnorbergenin, 4-O-(30-Methylgalloyl)norbergenin and 4-O-Syringoylnorbergenin (Tangmouo et al., 2009) |
| Guttiferae | Garcinia polyantha Oliv (1337/SRF/Cam) | Dressing for wounds (Bouquet, 1969) | Sap | Bangangxanthone A; bangangxanthone B; 2-hydroxy-1,7-dimethoxyxanthone; 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (Lannang et al., 2005) | DPPH scavenging activity: bangangxanthone A isolated from the bark showed the best activity with an IC50 = 87.0 μM while the standard value for BHA was IC50 = 42.0 μM (Lannang et al., 2005) |
| Garcinia afzelii Engl. | Bacterial infections, dental caries (Adu-Tutu et al., 1979; Waffo et al., 2006) | Leaves; flowers | Afzeliixanthones A; afzeliixanthones B (Waffo et al., 2006) | DPPH scavenging activity: Significant for the crude extract and moderate for Afzelii xanthones A and B (Waffo et al., 2006) | |
| Hypericaceae | Harungana madagascariensis Lam. (32358/HNC) | Diarrhea, dysentery, indigestion, poor pancreatic function (Berhaut, 1975; Prajapati et al., 2003) | Not specified | Harunmadagascarins A and Harunmadagascarins B, harunganol B and harungin anthrone (Kouam et al., 2005) | DPPH scavenging activity: IC50 of 60.97; 64.76 were recorded with harunmadagascarin and harunganol B respectively (Kouam et al., 2005) |
| Meliaceae | Carapa grandiflora sprsgue | Arthritis, general fatigue, skin diseases and as febrifuge (Ayafor et al., 1994) | Seeds | Quercitrin (Omisore et al., 2005) | DPPH scavenging activity: low for quercetin (Omisore et al., 2005) |
| Mimosaceae | Entada rheedii Spreng (19966/SRI/CAM) | Jaundice (Nzowa et al., 2010) | Seeds | Rheediinoside A; rheediinoside B (Nzowa et al., 2010) | ABTS·+ scavenging activity: moderate for rheediinoside B; low for rheediinoside A; DPPH scavenging activity: low activity for rheediinoside A and rheediinoside B (Nzowa et al., 2010) |
| Moraceae | Dorstenia convexa De Wild (53450 HNC) | Malaria (Boyom et al., 2009) | Twigs | Bartericins A; stigmasterol; isobavachalcone (Omisore et al., 2005) | DPPH scavenging activity: low bartericin A and isobavachalcone and stigmasterol (Omisore et al., 2005) |
| Dorstenia barteri Bureau (44016/HNC) | Snakebite, rheumatic, infectious diseases, arthritis (Tsopmo et al., 1999) | Whole plant | Bartericins A, and B; stigmasterol; isobavachalcone; 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (Omisore et al., 2005) | DPPH scavenging activity: significant for twigs extract (Omisore et al., 2005) | |
| Dorstenia mannii Hook. f. (2135/HNC) | Rheumatism, stomach disorders (Bouquet, 1969) | Leaves | Dorsmanin F; 6,8-diprenyleridictyol (Omisore et al., 2005) | DPPH scavenging activity: low for 6,8-diprenyleriodictyol, and dosrmanin F (Omisore et al., 2005) | |
| Morus mesozygia Stapf. (4228/SRFK) | Arthritis, rheumatism, malnutrition, debility, pain-killers, stomach disorders, wound infections, gastroenteritis, peptic ulcer, infectious diseases (Burkill, 1985; Noumi and Dibakto, 2002) | Bark | Moracin R (46); moracin S (45); moracin T (43); moracin U (44) (Kapche et al., 2009) | DPPH scavenging activity: significant for bark crude extract, compounds 43–46 (Kapche et al., 2009) | |
| Piperaceae | Piper umbellatum Linn (6516/SRF/CAM) | Poisoning, pitting edema, fetal malpresentation, filariasis, rheumatism, hemorrhoids, dysmenorrheal, general pains (Tabopda et al., 2008) | Whole plant | Piperumbellactams A; piperumbellactams B; piperumbellactams C; N-p-coumaroyl tyramine (Tabopda et al., 2008) | DPPH scavenging activity: Moderate activity reported for piperumbellactams A and low activities for piperumbellactams B; C; N-p-coumaroyl tyramine (Tabopda et al., 2008) |
aHNC or SRFK: Cameroon National herbarium code.
bCompounds characterized for the first time in Cameroonian medicinal plant are underlined.
cScreened activity: DPPH or 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical assay (evaluates the ability of antioxidants to scavenge free radicals; Hydrogen-donating ability is an index of the primary antioxidants; these antioxidants donate hydrogen to free radicals, leading to non-toxic species and therefore to inhibition of the propagation phase of lipid oxidation [Lugasi et al., 1998]); ABTS·+: 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium radical cation; BHA: 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole; Significant activity (IC50 < 50 μg/ml), moderate activity (50 < IC50 < 100 μg/ml), low activity (IC50 > 100 μg/ml).