Table 3.

Experimental strategies to prevent cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Reduced renal cisplatin accumulation or activation
OCT2 inhibitors, e.g., cimetidine or metformin	[61,208]
Ctr1 inhibitors, e.g., copper	[68]
Micellar/liposomal cisplatin	[206,207]
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitors	[76,210]
Glutathione transferase inhibitors	[74]
Anti-oxidants
Amifostine	[203]
BNP7787	[211]
N-acetyl cysteine	[212]
Superoxide dismutase	[23,146]
Catalase	[149]
Selenium and Vitamin E	[150]
Heme oxygenase-1 induction	[96]
Iron chelators, e.g., Desferoximine	[145]
Allopurinol plus ebselen	[213]
Milk thistle extract (silymarin)	[214]
Cannabidiol	[215]
Lycopene	[216]
Anti-apoptosis
p53 inhibitors, e.g., pifithrin	[100,115,127,128,129]
HDAC inhibitors	[137,138]
Caspase inhibitors	[113]
p21agonists/CDK2 inhibitors	[123,124]
Anti-inflammation
TNF-α antagonists	[102]
TLR4 antagonists	[162]
p38 inhibitors	[142]
JNK inhibitors	[141]
Salicylates	[98]
PPAR-α ligands, e.g., fibrates	[217]
PPAR-γ ligands, e.g. rosiglitazone	[218]
Alpha lipoic acid	[219]
IL-10	[152]