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. 2010 Oct 29;2(11):2593–2605. doi: 10.3390/toxins2112593

Table 1.

Optima and minima conditions (temperature and water activity) for Aspergillus section Nigri species growth on different culture media.

Fungal species Medium Tested temperature range (°C) Optimum temperature (°C) Optimum aW Minimum aW References
A. section Nigri Grains and fruits based 15–30 30 0.97 0.85 Astoreca et al. [64]
Synthetic nutrient 10–37 30–37 0.98 - Bellí et al. [72]
CYA-YES 5–45 30–35 - - Esteban et al. [82]
A. niger aggregate Corn grains 15–30 30 0.95 0.91 Astoreca et al. [66]
Peanut seeds 15–30 30 0.99 0.91 Astoreca et al. [67]
Coffee beans 15–30 25 0.99 0.93 Astoreca et al. [68]
Synthetic nutrient 10–37 25 0.95 - Selouane et al. [76]
Simulated grape juice 15–35 35 0.98 0.92 (15 °C) Leong et al. [77]
A. carbonarius Synthetic grape juice 10–40 35 0.98 0.88 Mitchell et al. [60]
Dried grapes 15–30 25–30 0.99 0.91 Astoreca et al. [64]
Synthetic grape 15–37 30 0.95–0.99 0.90 (15 °C) Bellí et al. [70]
Synthetic nutrient 20–28 28 - - Bellí et al. [71]
Synthetic nutrient 10–37 25 0.95 - Selouane et al. [76]
Simulated grape juice 15–35 30 0.965 0.92 (15 °C) Leong et al. [77]
CYA 15–35 30 0.95 0.85 Romero et al. [79]
Synthetic nutrient 20/30 20/30 - - Oueslati et al. [80]
20/37
25/42

CYA: Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar;

YES: Yeast Extract Sucrose agar;

-: Data not reported.