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. 2010 Dec 14;2(12):2824–2836. doi: 10.3390/toxins2122824

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© 2010 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Gangliosides block LtxA-mediated lysis of RBCs. (A) LtxA (7.5 μg/mL) was pre-incubated with sugars (15 μg/mL or 1.5 μg/mL) noted on the x-axis for 20 minutes and then added to RBCs. RBCs were also treated with LtxA buffer to represent background lysis. Experiment was performed in triplicate and standard deviation error bars are shown. GM3, GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b all caused significant inhibition of LtxA-mediated lysis (P < 0.05). (B) Gangliosides block hemolysis by LtxA in a dose-dependent manner. Results are the average from three independent experiments. LtxA buffer caused relative background lysis of approximately 0.1. All values are relative to LtxA alone (set to 1.0).