Figure 2.
Electrochemical measurements of the metabolic response of PC-12 cells to 1000 nM Cholera Toxin. (a) Electrochemical currents corresponding to MAMP signals for 5 × 105 PC-12 cells in response to 1000 nM CTx. The black bars indicate where CTx was flowed through the cell chamber. Cell death was triggered at 200 minutes, and CTx was re-introduced into the chamber to determine the effect on the sensors prior to calibration at 275 minutes. A baseline shift can be seen in the glucose signal. (b) Close-up of current at glucose electrode when CTx is present for live cells and dead cells. A shift in current during dead-cell exposure indicates the CTx affect the glucose oxidase-based glucose sensor. The shift proved to be correctable; however, no measurable change was seen in glucose consumption due to CTx exposure.