Table 1.

Marine toxin groups and their responsible algae.

	Toxin group	Syndrome	Genus	Species	Reference
Hydrophilic toxins	Domoic acid	ASP	Pseudo-nitzschia	australis, calliantha, cuspidata, delicatissima, fraudulenta, galaxiae, multiseries, multistriata, pseudodelicatissima, pungens, seriata, turgidula	[25]
	Saxitoxins	PSP	Alexandrium	angustitabulatum, catenella, fundyense, lusitanicum, minutum, tamarense, tamiyavanichii	[26,27,28]
			Gymnodinium	catenatum	[26]
			Pyrodinium	bahamense	[26]
Lipophilic toxins	Brevetoxins	NSP	Karenia	brevis, brevisulcata, mikimotoi, selliformis, papilionacea	[8,29] [30]
			Chatonella	cf. verruculosa	[30]
	Okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins and pectenotoxins 1	DSP	Phalacroma	rotundatum	[31]
			Prorocentrum	arenarium, belizeanum, concavem, lima	[32]
			Dinophysis	acuminata, acuta, arenarium, caudate, fortii, mitra, norvegica, ovum, rotundata, sacculus, tripos	[33,34,35,36,37,38]
	Yessotoxins		Protoceratium	reticulatum	[29,39]
			Lingulodinium	polyedrum	[29]
			Gonyaulax	polyhedra	[29]
	Azaspiracids	AZP	Azadinium	spinosum	[40]
	Spirolides	–	Alexandrium	ostenfeldii, peruvianum	[41,42]
	Gymnodimines	–	Karenia	selliforme	[43]
			Gymnodium	mikimotoi	[44]

¹ Pectenotoxins do not induce diarrhea but are produced by the same algae as the DSP toxins okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins.