Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
DON-induced ribotoxic stress—Mechanism II. The toxin increases unfolded protein concentration resulting in sequestering and degradation of GRP78 thereby evoking an ER stress. The resultant response includes upregulation of ATF6 and XBP1 resulting in CREB activation. Another hypothetical effect is activation of ASK1-mediated p38 activation (pink shade). Both actions could contribute to proinflammatory gene expression.
