Table 2.

Food drug interactions (used with permission from Kotsonis and Burdock [15]).

Enzyme or Transporter	Food	Drug
CYP1A2	Caffeine, theophylline, grapefruit juice (naringen and furanocourmarins bergmottin and dihydroxybergamotin), grape juice, cruciferous vegetables, apiaceous vegetables, cooked meat	Clozapine, fluvoxamine, imipramine
CYP2E1	Watercress and possibly other isothiocyanate-containing cruciferous vegetables; polyunsaturated fatty acids (corn oil, menhaden oil)	Ethanol, halothane, enflurane
CYP3A4	Grapefruit, orange juice, red wine, possibly other polyphenol-containing substances, St. Johns wort, garlic	Ketoconazole, cyclosporine, erythromycin, protease inhibitors, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
UGT and GST	Brussels sprouts, cabbage, watercress, broccoli	Acetaminophen, oxazepam, morphine, ibuprofen
P-glycopeptide and OATP	Vegetables, fruit juice, St. Johns wort	Digoxin, cyclosporine, parvastatin

UGT: uridine diphosphae glycuronosyltransferases; GST: glutathione-S-transferases; OATP: organic anion transporting polypeptides.