Table 3.
Fracture Incidence and Fall Frequency by Use of AEDs at Baseline
| Number of Events | Annual % | Model 1a HRc (95% CI) | Model 2b HRc (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hip fractures | ||||
| Nonuser | 1,532 | 0.15 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| User | 30 | 0.29 | 1.98 (1.38–2.85) | 1.51 (1.05–2.17) |
| <2 years | 10 | 0.30 | 2.19 (1.18–4.08) | 1.59 (0.85–2.97) |
| 2 to 5 years | 9 | 0.27 | 1.72 (0.89–3.32) | 1.31 (0.68–2.53) |
| >5 years | 11 | 0.31 | 2.07 (1.14–3.74) | 1.63 (0.90–2.95) |
| Clinical vertebral fractures | ||||
| Nonuser | 2,355 | 0.22 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| User | 49 | 0.48 | 2.15 (1.62–2.86) | 1.60 (1.20–2.12) |
| <2 years | 17 | 0.51 | 2.38 (1.48–3.84) | 1.69 (1.05–2.73) |
| 2 to 5 years | 12 | 0.37 | 1.61 (0.91–2.85) | 1.17 (0.66–2.07) |
| >5 years | 20 | 0.56 | 2.45 (1.58–3.80) | 1.92 (1.23–2.98) |
| Lower arm or wrist | ||||
| Nonuser | 5,034 | 0.48 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| User | 74 | 0.72 | 1.52 (1.21–1.91) | 1.40 (1.11–1.76) |
| <2 years | 15 | 0.45 | 0.95 (0.57–1.58) | 0.90 (0.54–1.49) |
| 2 to 5 years | 28 | 0.83 | 1.79 (1.23–2.60) | 1.64 (1.13–2.38) |
| >5 years | 31 | 0.87 | 1.79 (1.26–2.55) | 1.63 (1.14–2.32) |
| Other clinical fractures | ||||
| Nonuser | 15,974 | 1.51 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| User | 256 | 2.49 | 1.73 (1.53–1.96) | 1.46 (1.29–1.65) |
| <2 years | 86 | 2.56 | 1.76 (1.42–2.17) | 1.48 (1.19–1.83) |
| 2 to 5 years | 71 | 2.11 | 1.44 (1.14–1.82) | 1.21 (0.96–1.53) |
| >5 years | 99 | 2.79 | 1.99 (1.63–2.42) | 1.69 (1.38–2.06) |
| Total fractures | ||||
| Nonuser | 22,137 | 2.10 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| User | 344 | 3.35 | 1.70 (1.53–1.89) | 1.44 (1.30–1.61) |
| <2 years | 107 | 3.18 | 1.60 (1.32–1.93) | 1.36 (1.12–1.64) |
| 2 to 5 years | 103 | 3.06 | 1.53 (1.26–1.85) | 1.29 (1.07–1.57) |
| >5 years | 134 | 3.78 | 1.96 (1.66–2.33) | 1.68 (1.42–1.99) |
| Two or more falls | ||||
| Nonuser | 45,246 | 4.29 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| User | 760 | 7.40 | 2.15 (2.00–2.31) | 1.62 (1.50–1.74) |
| <2 years | 257 | 7.65 | 2.23 (1.97–2.52) | 1.58 (1.40–1.79) |
| 2 to 5 years | 239 | 7.10 | 2.05 (1.80–2.33) | 1.55 (1.36–1.76) |
| >5 years | 264 | 7.44 | 2.16 (1.92–2.44) | 1.71 (1.52–1.94) |
a
Model 1 adjusted for age, ethnicity, BMI, and WHI trial participation and intervention.
b
Model 2 adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, BMI, smoking, alcohol, calcium and vitamin D intake, history of fractures (fracture at age 55+), history of falls (two or more in the year prior to enrollment), bisphosphonates, past/current use of HT, SERMs, calcitonin, age of menopause, physical activity levels, physical function construct, diabetes, stroke, parental history of hip fractures, study site region, self-reported health, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, WHI trial participation and intervention.
bc Nonusers of AEDs are the reference group for both the any-use and the duration models.