Table 2.
Multivariable-Adjusted Bone Mineral Densities According to Fish and EPA + DHA Consumption
| Tuna/other fish (servings) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1/month (n = 63) | 1–3/month (n = 213) | 1–2/week (n = 637) | ≥3/week (n = 391) | p for trend | p for interaction | |
| Total hip, all | 0.81 (0.77, 0.84) | 0.81 (0.79, 0.83) | 0.82 (0.81, 0.83) | 0.80 (0.79, 0.82) | .38 | |
| Men (n = 560) | 0.93 (0.87, 0.98) | 0.94 (0.90, 0.97) | 0.93 (0.91, 0.94) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.95) | .81 | .09 |
| Women (n = 744) | 0.72 (0.68, 0.77) | 0.72 (0.70, 0.75) | 0.74 (0.73, 0.75) | 0.71 (0.69, 0.73) | .24 | |
| Femoral neck, all | 0.68 (0.65, 0.71) | 0.70 (0.68, 0.72) | 0.69 (0.68, 0.70) | 0.67 (0.66, 0.68) | .05 | |
| Men (n = 560) | 0.77 (0.72, 0.82) | 0.79 (0.76, 0.82) | 0.76 (0.75, 0.78) | 0.76 (0.73, 0.78) | .21 | .15 |
| Women (n = 744) | 0.62 (0.58, 0.66) | 0.63 (0.61, 0.65) | 0.64 (0.62, 0.65) | 0.61 (0.59, 0.62) | .09 | |
| Fried fish (servings)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1/month (n = 713) | 1–3/month (n = 374) | ≥1/week (n = 217) | p for trend | p for interaction | |
| Total hip, all | 0.81 (0.80, 0.82) | 0.82 (0.81, 0.84) | 0.80 (0.78, 0.82) | .63 | |
| Men (n = 560) | 0.93 (0.91, 0.95) | 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.94) | .54 | .69 |
| Women (n = 744) | 0.73 (0.71, 0.74) | 0.73 (0.72, 0.75) | 0.71 (0.69, 0.74) | .73 | |
| Femoral neck, all | 0.68 (0.67, 0.69) | 0.69 (0.68, 0.71) | 0.68 (0.67, 0.70) | 0.74 | |
| Men (n = 560) | 0.76 (0.75, 0.78) | 0.78 (0.76, 0.80) | 0.76 (0.74, 0.79) | 0.75 | .30 |
| Women (n = 744) | 0.63 (0.61, 0.64) | 0.63 (0.61, 0.65) | 0.62 (0.60, 0.64) | 0.81 | |
| EPA + DHA (mg/day) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <145 (n = 261) | 145–229 (n = 261) | 230–411 (n = 260) | 412–519 (n = 261) | >519 (n = 261) | p for trend | p for interaction | |
| Total hip, all | 0.81 (0.79, 0.83) | 0.83 (0.81, 0.84) | 0.82 (0.80, 0.84) | 0.81 (0.79, 0.82) | 0.80 (0.79, 0.82) | .27 | |
| Men (n = 560) | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) | 0.92 (0.89, 0.95) | 0.94 (0.91, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.89, 0.95) | 0.92 (0.89, 0.95) | .36 | .50 |
| Women (n = 744) | 0.72 (0.70, 0.74) | 0.74 (0.72, 0.77) | 0.73 (0.71, 0.75) | 0.72 (0.70, 0.74) | 0.72 (0.70, 0.74) | .42 | |
| Femoral neck, all | 0.69 (0.67, 0.70) | 0.70 (0.68, 0.71) | 0.70 (0.68, 0.71) | 0.68 (0.66, 0.69) | 0.68 (0.66, 0.69) | .12 | |
| Men (n = 560) | 0.78 (0.75, 0.80) | 0.76 (0.73, 0.78) | 0.78 (0.76, 0.81) | 0.76 (0.74, 0.79) | 0.75 (0.73, 0.78) | .37 | .23 |
| Women (n = 744) | 0.63 (0.61, 0.64) | 0.64 (0.62, 0.66) | 0.63 (0.61, 0.65) | 0.62 (0.60, 0.63) | 0.61 (0.60, 0.63) | .15 | |