Table 3.
Risk of Hip Fracture According to Fish and EPA + DHA Consumption
| Tuna/other fish (servings) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1/month (n = 535) | 1–3/month (n = 1189) | 1–2/week (n = 2352) | ≥3/week (n = 969) | p for trend | |
| No. of cases (%) | 45 (8.4) | 121 (10.2) | 248 (10.5) | 91 (9.4) | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.15 (0.82–1.62) | 1.14 (0.83–1.5) | 1.01 (0.70–1.46) | .85 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.22 (0.86–1.72) | 1.30 (0.93–1.82) | 1.23 (0.83–1.84) | .32 |
| Fried fish (servings)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1/month (n = 2422) | 1–3/month (n = 1630) | ≥1/week (n = 993) | p for trend | |
| No. of cases (%) | 261 (10.8) | 147 (9.0) | 97 (9.8) | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.94 (0.76–1.15) | 1.15 (0.90–1.46) | .45 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.94 (0.76–1.15) | 1.16 (0.91–1.49) | .43 |
| EPA + DHA (mg/day) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <93 (n = 1009)† | 93–178 (n = 1009)† | 179–275 (n = 1009)† | 275–475 (n = 1009)† | >475 (n = 1009) | p for trend | |
| No. of cases (%) | 97 (9.6) | 109 (10.8) | 107 (10.6) | 107 (10.6) | 85 (8.4) | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.23 (0.93–1.62) | 1.11 (0.84–1.46) | 1.15 (0.87–1.51) | 0.87 (0.65–1.18) | .23 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.31 (0.99–1.73) | 1.18 (0.89–1.56) | 1.29 (0.96–1.75) | 0.98 (0.71–1.36) | .93 |
Values are hazard ratio (95% CI). Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race, height, and weight. Model 2: Adjusted for model 1 and smoking, physical activity, education, and intakes of alcohol, protein, fruits, and tuna/other fish or fried fish (in analyses with fish intake only).
a
The two highest categories of fried-fish consumption were combined because only 68 subjects consumed fried fish 3 or more servings/week.