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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 9.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008 Oct;16(5):429–434. doi: 10.1037/1064-1297.16.5.429

Table 2.

Timing of other drug use compared to initiation of prescription opioids for pain

Drug Classification Prior to Opioid Rx
(Lifetime)
n (%)		 The Same Year as Initiation of
Opioid Rx
n (%)		 > 1 year after Initiation of
Opiate Rx
n (%)
Case Control Case Control Case Control
PCP 7 (35) 1 (5) 0 0 0 0
Cocaine 10 (50) 6 (30) 0 0 3 (15) 1 (5)
Heroin 0 1 (5) 10 (50) 1 (5) 2 (10) 0
Sedatives 7 (35) 7 (35) 3 (15) 2 (10) 4 (20) 2 (10)
Marijuana 15 (75) 14 (70) 1 (5) 0 0 0

Note: The values in Table 2 were derived by comparing the year subjects initiated a specific drug to the year prescription opioids were initiated. Columns are mutually exclusive.