Table 3.
Comparison of Sociodemographic, Depression Symptoms and Drug Network Characteristics within the 5-Class Model, SHIELD study (n=1,061)
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | Overall | Injection Drug users (IDUs)
|
Low proportion of IDUs (LIDUs)
|
Comparisons across subtypes
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1:Heroin injecting | Class2: Polydrug and polyroute injecting | Class 3: Heroin and cocaine injecting | Class 4: Heroin snorting | Class 5:Crack smoking | Overall | Among IDUs | Among LIDUs | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p-value | p-value | p-value | |
| Female gender | 397 (37) | 57 (43) | 41 (47) | 103 (26) | 140 (51) | 56 (35) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| African-American | 997 (94) | 118 (88) | 86 (98) | 368 (91) | 271 (99) | 154 (96) | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.12 |
| At least HS/GED education | 547 (52) | 64 (48) | 51 (58) | 186 (46) | 146 (53) | 100 (63) | 0.005 | 0.13 | 0.06 |
| Age (Mean±SD) | 39±7.0 | 38±6.8 | 36±5.5 | 42±6.5 | 36±7.1 | 38±6.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| Unemployed in the past 6 months | 925 (87) | 114 (85) | 81 (92) | 367 (91) | 235 (85) | 128 (80) | 0.004 | 0.12 | 0.14 |
| Homeless in the past 6 months | 265 (25) | 12 (9) | 32 (36) | 113 (28) | 49 (18) | 59 (37) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HIV self-report positive | 163 (15) | 15 (11) | 15 (17) | 103 (26) | 12 (4) | 18 (11) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Ever been in drug treatment | 727 (69) | 94 (70) | 59 (67) | 320 (79) | 172 (63) | 82 (51) | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| Depressive Symptoms | |||||||||
| Moderate (CES-D >=16 but <23) | 252 (24) | 39 (29) | 30 (34) | 89 (22) | 56 (20) | 38 (24) | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.61 |
| Severe (CES-D>=23) | 436 (41) | 44 (33) | 43 (49) | 183 (45) | 109 (40) | 57 (36) | |||
| HIV Injection Risk | 374 (36) | 58 (44) | 44 (51) | 239 (60) | 18 (7) | 15 (10) | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.25 |
| Drug Network Composition | |||||||||
| Presence of Injectors | |||||||||
| Heroin Injectors | 332 (32) | 67 (51) | 32 (36) | 144 (36) | 68 (25) | 21 (13) | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Speedball Injectors | 406 (39) | 55 (42) | 43 (49) | 235 (58) | 38 (14) | 35 (22) | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.03 |
| Cocaine Injectors | 86 (8) | 9 (7) | 8 (9) | 48 (12) | 7 (3) | 14 (9) | 0.001 | 0.22 | 0.004 |
| Presence of Non-injectors | |||||||||
| Heroin Snorters | 437 (42) | 49 (37) | 42 (48) | 106 (26) | 189 (69) | 51 (32) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cocaine Snorters | 65 (6) | 4 (3) | 6 (7) | 20 (5) | 19 (7) | 16 (10) | 0.096 | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| Crack Smokers | 402 (38) | 31 (24) | 38 (43) | 92 (23) | 113 (42) | 128 (81) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |