Medial neurosecretory cells (arrowhead) were immunostained in female An. stephensi (A) and An. gambiae brains (B). Immunostained axons of these cells exited the brain (arrows, A, B) and extended along the anterior midgut (anterior to the right) of female An. stephensi (D) and An. gambiae (E) (D, E scale bars = 100 µm). (C) Paired immunostained cells (arrowhead) are present in an abdominal ganglion of female An. gambiae, and their axons (arrow) extend along the body wall. (A, B, C scale bar = 50 µm).