Table 1.
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Baseline |
+6 Weeks |
+12 Weeks |
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|
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Group | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | F | df | pb | η2 |
Cognitive | ||||||||
AVLT Delayed Recallc | Placebo | 6.8 (3.6) | 6.6 (3.9) | 6.9 (4.2) | <1 | |||
(# of words) | Bacopa | 6.4 (3.1) | 6.6 (3.6) | 7.6 (3.9) | 5.4 | 1,21 | 0.03* | 0.20 |
Stroop Task RTc | Placebo | 60.9 (12.2) | 60.3 (13.5) | 60.5 (13.8) | <1 | |||
(seconds) | Bacopa | 60.1 (10.1) | 56.3 (8.3) | 57.2 (7.6) | 9.4 | 1,21 | 0.003* | 0.29 |
10.6 | 1,21 | 0.006** | 0.32 | |||||
Affective | ||||||||
CESD-10c | Placebo | 4.5 (3.5) | 6.3 (4.0) | 5.3 (4.2) | <1 | |||
(depression) | Bacopa | 6.5 (4.2) | 6.3 (3.6) | 5.6 (3.5) | 4.0 | 1,43 | 0.05d | 0.08 |
STAIe | Placebo | 27.7 (7.6) | 30.4 (9.5) | 28.6 (7.2) | <1 | |||
(trait + state anxiety) | Bacopa | 30.1 (8.4) | 28.1 (8.4) | 28.5 (7.8) | 3.3 | 1,38 | 0.04*f | 0.14 |
3.3 | 1,38 | 0.05**f | 0.12 | |||||
Physiologic | ||||||||
Heart rate | Placebo | 67.2 (8.1) | 70.0 (9.1) | 72.3 (8.4) | <1 | |||
(bpm) | Bacopa | 68.8 (12.0) | 67.4 (9.5) | 67.9 (8.0) | 7.3 | 1,44 | 0.01d | 0.09 |
MANOVA | ||||||||
Composite measureg | Placebo | 60.9 (6.9) | 59.3 (6.2) | 59.9 (5.5) | <1 | |||
Bacopa | 59.6 (6.2) | 61.3 (5.5) | 61.0 (4.8) | 4.9 | 2,33 | 0.01d | 0.23 |
Only statistically significant variables are included. Nonsignificant measures included Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) immediate reaction times, Stroop task errors, divided attention task scores, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children digit task, Profile of Mood States, and blood pressure.
A single asterisk (*) indicates that the adjacent F, df, p, and η2 are for the linear component of time of assessment within a group. A double asterisk (**) indicates they are for the quadratic component.
Means adjusted for significant gender effect and significant covariate (the Blessed Orientation Memory Concentration Test).
Reported values are for an overall group by linear component of assessment time interaction.
Means adjusted for significant covariate (initial screening trait + state anxiety).
One-tailed.
See footnote * in text.
CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; RT, reaction times; sd, standard deviation; M, mean; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.