Figure 9.

Significant task effects at the group level and in individual subjects. In the top graphs, significant group effects appear at the top of each column in black, above significant results in individual subjects in gray. Dark gray indicates significant effects at the group defined best electrode (left column) and at the R² optimized electrode (right column). Light gray indicates significant effects at the spatial–temporal cluster to which an electrode belonged. The middle graphs show the number of subjects with a significant task modulation at each time point at one electrode (light gray) or in the cluster to which it belonged (dark gray). Remember that subject 2 was the only one with stronger noise sensitivity in the color task compared to the identity task. The bottom graphs show the percentage of subjects showing a significant task modulation at one electrode (thick black line) with a 95% binomial confidence interval around it (thin black lines). This percentage provides an indication of the probability of observing a group difference given the single-subject results. These binomial confidence intervals place an upper limit of about 61% probability of observing a group effect given the single-subject data. In comparison, the group results presented at the top of Figure 9 depend on the probability of the data under the null-hypothesis.