Table 2.

mRNA Levels Obtained by Microarray or Real-Time PCR

	Real-time PCR (relative intensity)			Microarray (relative intensity)
	Normal	Diabetic	Fold change	Normal	Diabetic	Fold change
TNF-α	2.5 ± 0.1	9.5 ± 1.1	3.8	2.3 ± 0.3	4.6 ± 0.6	2.0
TRAIL	1.2 ± 0.1	3.0 ± 0.6	2.5	3.8 ± 0.8	6.5 ± 1.4	1.7
Caspase-4	1.1 ± 0.1	2.0 ± 0.1	1.8	1.8 ± 0.1	3.4 ± 0.4	1.9

Note: Microarray analysis or real-time PCR was carried out three times, as described earlier, on day 16 fracture-healing specimens. The fold change represents the values of the diabetic compared with normoglycemic specimens. Each value represents the mean ± SEM of triplicate samples. In each case, the diabetic value was significantly higher than the normoglycemic value (p < .05).