Table 3. Comparative brain and spinal cord lesions on MRI in patients with ADEM, NMO, and MS.
| ADEM (n = 17) | NMO (n = 23) | MS (n = 25) | P | P1 | P2 | P3 | |
| Cerebrum | |||||||
| Number of lesions >10, n(%) | 5(29.4) | 0 | 15(60.0) | <0.001 | 0.022 | 0.089 | <0.001 |
| Diameter in axial section, mm | 23.2±12.5 | 12.4±7.0 | 16.0±5.8 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.072 | 0.024 |
| Cortical gray matter, n(%) | 10(58.8) | 2(8.7) | 2(8.0) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Deep gray matter, n(%) | 15(88.2) | 8(34.8) | 5(20.0) | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.250 |
| Subcortical white matter, n(%) | 9(52.9) | 9(39.1) | 22(88.0) | 0.002 | 0.385 | 0.029 | <0.001 |
| Deep white matter, n(%) | 16(94.1) | 17(73.9) | 24(96.0) | 0.048 | 0.214 | 1.000 | 0.079 |
| Periventricular white matter, n(%) | 7(41.2) | 5(21.7) | 24(96.0) | <0.001 | 0.185 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Corpus callosum, n(%) | 3(17.6) | 2(8.7) | 20(80.0) | <0.001 | 0.717 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cerebellum,n(%) | 7(41.2) | 2(8.7) | 16(64.0) | <0.001 | 0.040 | 0.145 | <0.001 |
| T1 black hole, n(%) | 2(11.8) | 0 | 14(56.0) | <0.001 | 0.340 | 0.004 | <0.001 |
| Gadolinium enhancement, n (%) | 12(70.6) | 3(13.0) | 10(40.0) | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.051 | 0.036 |
| Well defined margins, n (%) | 2(11.8) | 1(4.3) | 20(80.0) | <0.001 | 0.785 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Repeated brain MRI, n (%) | 17(100.0) | 23(100.0) | 25(100.0) | – | – | – | – |
| New lesions, n (%) | 0 | 8(34.8) | 24(96.0) | <0.001 | 0.020 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Spinal cord, n (%) | 9(52.9) | 23(100.0) | 11(44.0) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.569 | <0.001 |
| Lesion length, Segments | 7.6±4.9 | 8.0±5.1 | 4.8±3.5 | 0.183 | – | – | – |
| Gadolinium enhancement, n (%) | 4/9(44.4) | 13/23(56.5) | 7/11(63.6) | 0.687 | – | – | – |
| Cervical segment,n (%) | 4/9(44.4) | 8/23(34.8) | 4/11(36.4) | – | – | – | – |
| Thoracic segment, n (%) | 3/9(33.3) | 2/23(8.7) | 4/11(36.4) | – | – | – | – |
| Combination, n(%) | 2/9(22.2) | 13/23(56.5) | 3/11(27.3) | – | – | – | – |
Abbreviations: ADEM = acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; NMO = neuromyelitis optica; MS = multiple sclerosis; P = comparative three groups; P1 = ADEM vs NMO; P2 = ADEM vs MS; P3 = NMO vs MS.