Figure 1.

HSF1-mediated stress response. The conversion between inactive HSF1 monomer and active HSF1 trimer is controlled by chaperone availability in cells. Chaperone availability, on the other hand, is governed by the balance between protein synthesis and folding requirement. Stress conditions, such as heat shock, lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which subsequently triggers the stress response in order to achieve protein homeostasis.