Table 3.
Variable | Baseline mean (SD) |
Change in hazelnut mean (SE) |
Change in chocolate mean (SE) |
Change in control mean (SE) |
Change in potato crisp mean (SE) |
Overall P value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometry | (n = 118) | (n = 32) | (n = 29) | (n = 27) | (n = 25) | |
Body weightΥ | 69.55 (11.37) | 0.83 (0.23) | 0.59 (0.43) | 0.46 (0.26) | 0.50 (0.31) | 0.655 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.76 (2.99) | 0.28 (0.08) | 0.21 (0.14) | 0.14 (0.08) | 0.15 (0.11) | 0.725 |
Fat mass (kg)∞ | 18.77 (7.92) | −0.23 (0.28) | −0.42 (0.35) | −0.29 (0.27) | −0.53 (0.30) | 0.889 |
Body fat (%)∞ | 26.89 (10.17) | −0.75 (0.32) | −1.23 (0.39) | −0.84 (0.33) | −1.09 (0.35) | 0.713 |
Waist fat (%)∞ | 29.62 (11.08) | 1.51 (0.52) | 0.86 (0.64) | 0.67 (0.54) | 0.76 (0.69) | 0.800 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 80.74 (9.45) | 2.13 (0.89) | 1.30 (0.64) | 1.36 (0.62) | −0.53 (0.71) | 0.106 |
RMR | (n = 52) | (n = 14) | (n = 12) | (n = 13) | (n = 10) | |
RMR (kcal/day) | 1489.29 (275.82) | −56.86 (58.40) | −69.92 (89.94) | −79.62 (38.39) | 11.70 (69.37) | 0.922 |
RQ∧ | 0.86 (1.08) | 1.01 (1.02) | 1.03 (1.04) | 1.00 (1.02) | 1.01 (1.02) | 0.876 |
PA level | (n = 114) | (n = 29) | (n = 29) | (n = 28) | (n = 22) | |
No. of steps/day | 9215 (3691) | 152 (515) | −260 (685) | −1205 (576) | 190 (481) | 0.217 |
Duration (mins)∧ | 28 (16) | 9 (10) | 9 (10) | 8 (10) | 9 (10) | 0.668 |
BMI: body mass index; RMR: resting metabolic rate; RQ: respiratory quotient; PA: physical activity; no.: number.
*Overall P-values adjust for baseline value, sex, baseline age, and baseline BMI.
∧Geometric mean, accompanied by ratio of geometric mean.
ΥBody weight was measured with the use of bioelectrical impedance analyser.
∞Fat mass, percent body fat and waist fat were measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.