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Representative kinetics of actions of the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin, the PKC activator 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (4β-PMA), and the adenyl cyclase activator forskolin on single C11-MDCK cell volume. 1 μM ionomycin (A), 1 μM 4β-PMA (A), combination of 4β-PMA and ionomycin (B), or 10 μM forskolin (C) were added as indicated. Initial cell volume was taken as 100%.
