. 2011 May 12;111(2):587–598. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00338.2011

Table 1.

Vascular adaptations in coronary vasculature in response to chronic coronary artery occlusion and/or exercise training in ameroid occluded pigs

Vessel size	Experimental Method	Occlusion	Nonoccluded + Exercise	Occlusion + Exercise
Epicardial arteries (approximately 1 mm)	Isometric tension	↔ Relaxation to BK and ADP^a	↑ Relaxation to BK and ADP^c	↑ Relaxation to BK and ADP^c
	Fura-2	↔ Basal endothelial cell Ca^{2 + a}	↓ Basal endothelial cell Ca^{2 + c}	↓ Basal endothelial cell Ca^{2 + c,d}
	Fura-2	↔ BK-stimulated endothelial cell Ca^{2 + a}	↑ BK-stimulated endothelial cell Ca^{2 + c}	↑ BK-stimulated endothelial cell Ca^{2 + c}
	HPLC	↔ BK-stimulated nitric oxide^a	↑ BK-stimulated nitric oxide^e	↑ BK-stimulated nitric oxide^e
	Immunoblot	↑ Total eNOS protein^d	↔ Total eNOS protein^b	↑ Total eNOS protein^c
	Immunoblot	↔ p-eNOS (Ser1179) protein^a	↔ p-eNOS (Ser1179) protein^b	↑ p-eNOS (Ser1179) protein^d
	LSCM	↔ eNOS:caveolin-1 PM distribution^a	↑ eNOS:caveolin-1 PM distribution^c	↑ eNOS:caveolin-1 PM distribution^c
	Isometric tension	↑ NO-dependent basal tone^f	↔ NO-dependent basal tone^b	↑ NO-dependent basal tone^f
	Isometric tension	↓ Relaxation to adenosine^d	↔ Relaxation to adenosine^b	↔ Relaxation to adenosine^a
	Isometric tension	↓ Relaxation to isoproterenol^d	↔ Relaxation to isoproterenol^b	↔ Relaxation to isoproterenol^a
	Combined tension + fura-2	↓ Relaxation, Ca^{2 +} Removal to adenosine^d	↔ Relaxation, Ca^{2 +} removal to adenosine^b	↔ Relaxation, Ca^{2 +} removal to adenosine^a
Small arteries (approximately 150–400 μm)	Isometric tension	↔ Ca^{2 +} -dependent basal tone^a	↔ Ca^{2 +} -dependent basal tone^b	↑ Ca^{2 +} -dependent basal tone^c,d
	Isometric tension	↔ Nitric oxide contribution to basal tone^a	↔ Nitric oxide contribution to basal tone^b	↑ Nitric oxide contribution to basal tone^c,d
	Isometric tension	↔ Kv channel contribution to basal tone^a	↔ Kv channel contribution to basal tone^b	↑ Kv channel contribution to basal tone^d
	Immunoblot	↔ Total eNOS protein^a	↔ Total eNOS protein^b	↑ Total eNOS protein^c
	Immunoblot	↑ p-eNOS (Ser1179) protein^d	↑ p-eNOS (Ser1179) protein^c	↑ p-eNOS (Ser1179) protein^c
	Isometric tension	↔ Constriction to ET-1^a	↔ Constriction to ET-1^b	↑ Constriction to ET-1^d
	Combined tension + fura-2	↔ ET-1-mediated Ca^{2 +} sensitization^a	↔ ET-1-mediated Ca^{2 +} sensitization^b	↑ ET-1-mediated Ca^{2 +} sensitization^d
	Isometric tension	↔ PKC-mediated ET-1 constriction^a	↔ PKC-mediated ET-1 constriction^b	↑ PKC-mediated ET-1 constriction^d
	Isometric tension	↔ Constriction to PDBU^a	↔ Constriction to PDBU^b	↑ Constriction to PDBU^d
Arterioles (approximately 100 μm)	Cannulated microvessel	↓ Dilation to bradykinin^d	↔ Dilation to bradykinin^b	↔ Dilation to bradykinin^a
	Cannulated microvessel	↓ NO-dependent dilation to bradykinin^d	↔ NO-dependent dilation to bradykinin^b	↔ NO-dependent dilation to bradykinin^a
	Polymerase chain reaction	↓ eNOS mRNA^d	↔ eNOS mRNA^b	↔ eNOS mRNA^a
	Cannulated microvessel	↔ Dilation to VEGF₁₆₅^a	↔ Dilation to VEGF₁₆₅^b	↑ Dilation to VEGF₁₆₅^c,d
	Cannulated microvessel	↔ NO-dependent dilation to VEGF₁₆₅^a	↔ NO-dependent dilation to VEGF₁₆₅^b	↑ NO-dependent dilation to VEGF₁₆₅^c,d
	Immunoblot	↔ VEGFR1 protein^a	↔ VEGFR1 protein^b	↑ VEGFR1 protein^c,d
	Immunoblot	↔ VEGFR2 protein^a	↔ VEGFR2 protein^b	↑ VEGFR2 protein^c,d
	Immunoblot	↔ Neuropilin-1 protein^a	↔ Neuropilin-1 protein^b	↑ Neuropilin-1 protein^c,d
	Cannulated microvessel	↓ Dilation to adenosine^d	↔ Dilation to adenosine^b	↔ Dilation to adenosine^a
	Cannulated microvessel	↓ NO-dependent dilation to adenosine^d	↔ NO-dependent dilation to adenosine^b	↑ NO-dependent dilation to adenosine^c
	Cannulated microvessel	↓ Dilation to ionomycin^d	↔ Dilation to ionomycin^b	↔ Dilation to ionomycin^a
	Cannulated microvessel	↓ NO-dependent dilation to ionomycin^d	↔ NO-dependent dilation to ionomycin^b	↑ NO-dependent dilation to ionomycin^c
	Cannulated microvessel			↑ H₂O₂-dependent dilation to adenosine^g

Occlusion, vascular adaptations in collateral-dependent region; Nonoccluded + Exercise, vascular adaptations with exercise training in nonoccluded region; Occlusion + Exercise, vascular adaptations with exercise training in collateral-dependent region; BK, bradykinin; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; p-eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS; LSCM, laser-scanning confocal microscopy; PM, plasma membrane; ET-1, endothelin-1; PDBU, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate; NO, nitric oxide; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; H₂O₂, hydrogen peroxide.

Not different from respective nonoccluded artery.

Not different from respective artery of sedentary pig.

Significantly different from respective artery of sedentary pig.

Significantly different from respective nonoccluded artery.

Significant exercise training effect independent of occlusion.

Significant occlusion effect independent of exercise training.

Significantly different from all other vessel treatment groups.