Table 4.
Multilevel Logistic Regressions of Mortality Among U.S. Urban Adults Aged 70+ in 1993
| Model 4a | Model 4b | Model 4c | Model 4d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| Individual-level sociodemographic variables | ||||
| Female (/male) | 0.60 (0.43–0.82) | 0.60 (0.43–0.83) | 0.59 (0.43–0.81) | 0.58 (0.43–0.80) |
| Age (years) | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) |
| Widoweda | 1.11 (0.79–1.57) | 1.12 (0.79–1.58) | 1.11 (0.79–1.57) | 1.13 (0.80–1.59) |
| Separated or divorceda | 0.94 (0.56–1.60) | 0.92 (0.54–1.55) | 0.95 (0.56–1.62) | 0.93 (0.55–1.58) |
| Never marrieda | 1.20 (0.65–2.21) | 1.19 (0.64–2.18) | 1.18 (0.64–2.18) | 1.18 (0.64–2.18) |
| African Americanb | 0.88 (0.62–1.26) | 0.81 (0.57–1.15) | 0.90 (0.64–1.28) | 0.82 (0.57–1.17) |
| Hispanicb | 0.89 (0.62–1.26) | 0.84 (0.49–1.45) | 0.58 (0.27–1.23) | 0.56 (0.27–1.17) |
| Other ethnicityb | 0.60 (0.16–2.27) | 0.60 (0.16–2.24) | 0.58 (0.15–2.20) | 0.57 (0.15–2.14) |
| Years of education | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 1.07 (1.02–1.11) | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 1.06 (1.02–1.12) |
| Household wealth (log) | 0.81 (0.62–1.07) | 0.87 (0.66–1.16) | 0.82 (0.62–1.08) | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) |
| Household income (log) | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) |
| Individual-level health variables | ||||
| Poor health rating (1–5) | 1.25 (1.10–1.43) | 1.25 (1.10–1.42) | 1.25 (1.10–1.42) | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) |
| Cognition (1–35) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) | 0.96 (0.94–0.90) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) |
| Depressive symptoms (0–8) | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) |
| ADL assistance (0–6) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | 1.07 (0.95–1.22) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) |
| IADL assistance (0–5) | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | 1.18 (1.00–1.39) | 1.18 (1.00–1.40) | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) |
| Cardiovascular risk conditions (0–3) | 1.34 (1.12–1.60) | 1.34 (1.13–1.61) | 1.34 (1.13–1.61) | 1.27 (0.96–1.69) |
| Other medical conditions (0–5) | 1.28 (1.10–1.49) | 1.28 (1.10–1.49) | 1.29 (1.11–1.50) | 1.28 (1.11–1.47) |
| Ever smoked cigarettes (/no) | 1.76 (1.30–2.40) | 1.76 (1.30–2.39) | 1.78 (1.31–2.40) | 1.78 (1.32–2.41) |
| Body mass index | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) |
| Census tract-level variables | ||||
| Affluencec | 0.34 (0.13–0.88) | 0.37 (0.14–0.97) | ||
| Hispanicc | 2.19 (0.90–5.36) | 1.92 (0.80–4.64) | ||
| Intercept variance component | ||||
| Between-group (τ) | .0035 (p ≤ .02) | .0030 (p ≤ .03) | .0033 (p ≤ .02) | .0030 (p ≤ .03) |
a
Reference group = married.
b
Reference group = non-Hispanic white.
c
Proportion.