Figure 1.

Pressure-State-Response framework (reproduced with permission from [33], published by OECD, 1993). Human activities exert pressures on the environment and change its quality and the quantity of natural resources (“State” box). Society responds to these changes through environmental, economic, and sectoral policies (“Societal responses”) intended to prevent, reduce, or mitigate pressures, and/or environmental damage. Social responses form a feedback loop to pressures through human actions.