Table 3.
In vitro activity of Extract-Antibiotic combination at MIC level against test bacterial isolates.
| Reduction in bacterial counts (log10 CFU/mL ± SD) ** compared with the two antimicrobial agents used alone
| ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial isolates | TET + Extract | PEN G + Extract | ERY + Extract | AMX + Extract | CIP + Extract | CHL + Extract | OXT + Extract | AMP + Extract |
| E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) | −2.0 ± 0.6 (S) | −2.7 ± 0.7 (S) | −2.7 ± 0.6 (S) | −2.8 ± 0.3 (S) | −4.22 ± 0.6 (S) | −2.0 ± 0.06 (S) | −2.04 ± 0.01 (S) | −2.04 ± 0.07 (S) |
| S. aureus (ATCC 6538) | −2.0 ± 0.6 (S) | −2.1 ± 0.3 (S) | −2.04 ± 0.01 (S) | −2.9 ± 1.1 (S) | −2.4 ± 0.04 (S) | −2.0 ± 0.66 (S) | 0.52 ± 0.01 (I) | −2.9 ± 0.41 (S) |
| B. pumilus (ATCC 14884) | −2.12 ± 0.6 (S) | −3.1 ± 0.8 (S) | −2.99 ± 1.06 (S) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | −3.88 ± 0.5 (S) | −1.99 ± 0.04 (I) | −4.05 ± 1 (S) | −2.7 ± 0.3 (S) |
| K. pneumoniae (ATCC 10031) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | −1.99 ± 0.6 (I) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | 0.5 ± 0.01 (I) | −2.6 ± 0.41 (S) | −3.0 ± 0.21 (S) | −1.92 ± 0.01 (I) | −1.91 ± 1.07 (I) |
| P. vulgaris (CSIR 0030) | −2.04 ± 0.1 (S) | −2.7 ± 0.1 (S) | −4.02 ± 0.9 (S) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | −2.0 ± 0.25 (S) | −2.0 ± 0.6 (S) | −2.84 ± 0.26 (S) | −2.85 ± 0.01 (S) |
| M. kristinae§ | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | −2.8 ± 0.9(S) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | −3.1 ± 0.04 (S) | −4.22 ± 0.6 (S) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | −3.18 ± 2.04 (S) |
| M. luteus§ | −2.0 ± 0.6 (S) | −3.8 ± 0.3 (S) | −3.04 ± 0.01 (S) | −2.9 ± 0.9 (S) | −2.1 ± 0.11 (S) | −4.52 ± 0.09 (S) | −3.0 ± 1.49 (S) | −2.89 ± 0.03 (S) |
| P. vulgaris§ | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | −2.4 ± 0.6 (S) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | 0.2 ± 0.31 (I) | −2.87 ± 0.9 (S) | −4.29 ± 2.6 (S) | 0.2 ± 0.4 (I) | −3.87 ± 0.63 (S) |
| K. pneumoniae§ | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | −2.4 ± 0.2 (S) | −2.44 ± 0.11 (S) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | −2.65 ± 0.4 (S) | −2.22 ± 1.8 (S) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (I) | −2.0 ± 0.11 (S) |
| B. subtilis§ | −1.99 ± 0.06 (I) | −1.9 ± 1.92 (I) | −4.22 ± 0.6 (S) | −1.2 ± 0.1 (I) | −2.99 ± 1.7 (S) | −3.22 ± 1.6 (S) | −1.99 ± 0.17 (I) | −2.7 ± 0.22 (S) |
| S. epidermidis§ | −1.91 ± 0.07 (I) | −2.8 ± 0.6 (S) | −2.4 ± 0.1 (S) | −1.9 ± 0.1 (I) | −4.01 ± 0.9 (S) | −4.22 ± 0.4 (S) | 0.55 ± 1.07 (I) | −1.69 ± 0.06 (I) |
§
Note: Environmental strain; TET, tetracycline; PEN G, penicillin G; ERY, erythromycin; AMX, amoxicillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CHL, chloramphenicol; OXT, oxytetracycline; AMP, ampicillin; Extract, crude methanol extract of A. Afzelia; S, synergy; I, indifference;
**
Mean of five replicates.