Table 4. Top biological functions and pathways affected by genes showing sex differences in human liver determined by Ingenuity Pathway analysis.

A. Top Biological Functions:
1. Molecular and Cellular Functions
Name	p-value range	No. sex-biased genes
Lipid Metabolism	1.03E-04–4.84E-02	42(81*)
Small Molecule Biochemistry	1.03E-04–4.84E-02	68
Molecular Transport	5.52E-04–2.47E-02	15
Cell Morphology	7.65E-04–4.84E-02	12
Gene Expression	1.30E-03–4.84E-02	94

*An additional 39 genes associated with lipid-related processes were identified based on functional terms collected by DAVID analysis.

**An additional 21 genes associated with cardiovascular disease were identified by querying against the Ingenuity Pathway disease database.