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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 14.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2010 Jan;110(1):1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.006

Table 2.

Biomarkers measured in urine, plasma and whole blood.

Biomarker Measured in: As indicator of:
Mn urine, plasma, whole blood Mn exposure
Cr urine, plasma, whole blood Cr exposure
Pb urine, plasma, whole blood Pb exposure
BPDE urine exposure to PAHs
Creatinine urine hydration status
Isoprostanes urine lipid oxidation
8-oxodG urine DNA oxidation
Plasma carbonyls plasma protein oxidation
DNA–protein crosslinks lymphocytes DNA damage

Abbreviations: 8-oxodG, 8-oxodeoxyguanosine; BPDE, benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide; Cr, chromium; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; isoprostanes, 15-F2t–isoprostane; Mn, manganese; PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pb, lead.