TABLE 1.
Descriptive characteristics of breast cancer cases (n = 803) by hypermethylation status of E-cadherin, p16, and RAR-β2 in the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer Study, 1996–20011
|
E-cadherin |
p16 |
RAR-β2 |
||||
| Methylated (n = 161) | Unmethylated | Methylated (n = 208) | Unmethylated | Methylated (n = 221) | Unmethylated | |
| Age (y) | 58.0 ± 11.82 | 57.4 ± 11.2 | 58.0 ± 11.2 | 57.4 ± 11.3 | 57.4 ± 11.3 | 57.6 ± 11.3 |
| White race-ethnicity [n (%)] | 148 (91.9) | 594 (92.5) | 192 (92.3) | 550 (92.4) | 210 (95.0) | 532 (91.4) |
| Education [n (%)] | ||||||
| <12 y | 13 (8.1) | 41 (6.4) | 15 (7.2) | 39 (6.5) | 15 (6.8) | 39 (6.7) |
| 12 y | 64 (39.7) | 236 (36.8) | 74 (35.6) | 226 (38.0) | 89 (40.3) | 211 (36.3) |
| >12 y | 84 (52.2) | 365 (56.8) | 119 (57.2) | 330 (55.5) | 117 (52.9) | 332 (57.0) |
| Postmenopausal [n (%)] | 111 (68.9) | 455 (70.9) | 147 (70.7) | 419 (70.4) | 157 (71.0) | 409 (70.3) |
| Aspirin [n (%)] | ||||||
| User | 69 (43.4) | 270 (42.7) | 79 (38.4) | 260 (44.4) | 95 (44.0) | 244 (42.4) |
| Nonuser | 90 (56.6) | 362 (57.35) | 127 (61.6) | 325 (55.6) | 121 (56.0) | 331 (57.6) |
| Hormone replacement therapy [n (%)]3 | ||||||
| Never | 60 (54.1) | 209 (46.2) | 72 (49.0) | 197 (47.4) | 73 (47.1) | 196 (48.0) |
| Ever | 51 (45.9) | 243 (53.8) | 75 (51.0) | 219 (52.6) | 82 (52.9) | 212 (52.0) |
| TNM stage [n (%)] | ||||||
| 0 | 17 (12.3) | 74 (12.8) | 21 (11.5) | 70 (13.1) | 28 (13.9) | 63 (12.3) |
| I | 68 (49.3) | 267 (46.3) | 93 (51.1) | 242 (45.4) | 87 (43.3) | 248 (48.3) |
| IIa/IIb | 47 (34.1) | 195 (33.8) | 57 (31.3) | 185 (34.7) | 68 (33.8) | 174 (33.8) |
| III/IV | 6 (4.3) | 41 (7.1) | 11 (6.1) | 36 (6.8) | 18 (9.0) | 29 (5.6) |
| ER status [n (%)] | ||||||
| Positive | 114 (71.3) | 446 (70.0) | 136 (65.7) | 424 (71.9) | 163 (74.8) | 397 (68.6) |
| Negative | 46 (28.7) | 191 (30.0) | 71 (34.3) | 166 (28.1) | 55 (25.2) | 182 (31.4) |
| PR status [n (%)]) | ||||||
| Positive | 93 (58.2) | 411 (65.4) | 128 (63.0) | 375 (64.3) | 142 (65.7) | 361 (63.3) |
| Negative | 66 (41.8) | 217 (34.6) | 75 (37.0) | 208 (35.7) | 74 (34.3) | 209 (36.7) |
| Anthropometric factors4 | ||||||
| Recent BMI (kg/m2)5 | 28.1 ± 5.6 | 28.5 ± 6.5 | 28.5 ± 6.3 | 28.4 ± 6.3 | 28.6 ± 6.1 | 28.4 ± 6.4 |
| Height (m) | 1.62 ± 0.07 | 1.62 ± 0.07 | 1.63 ± 0.06 | 1.62 ± 0.07 | 1.63 ± 0.06 | 1.62 ± 0.07 |
| BMI at age 20 y (kg/m2) | 21.0 ± 3.0 | 21.0 ± 3.3 | 20.9 ± 3.1 | 21.0 ± 3.3 | 21.2 ± 3.9 | 20.8 ± 2.9 |
| Waist (cm) | 89.0 ± 14.0 | 89.8 ± 15.0 | 89.7 ± 14.9 | 89.6 ± 14.8 | 90.8 ± 14.8 | 89.1 ± 14.8 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.84 ± 0.08 | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 0.83 ± 0.09 | 0.84 ± 0.09 | 0.83 ± 0.08 |
| Abdominal height (cm) | 21.1 ± 3.9 | 20.9 ± 3.8 | 20.6 ± 3.8 | 21.1 ± 3.8 | 21.2 ± 3.6 | 20.9 ± 3.9 |
| Lifetime weight change (kg) | 8.75 ± 6.39 | 8.66 ± 6.71 | 8.98 ± 6.76 | 8.57 ± 6.62 | 8.35 ± 6.62 | 8.80 ± 6.67 |
1
Subjects with missing values were excluded from the analysis. ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis. All continuous variables were analyzed with ANOVA, and all categorical variables were analyzed with the chi-square test. None of the differences were significant.
2
Mean ± SD (all such values).
3
In postmenopausal women.
4
Comparisons between participating cases with and without promoter methylation of specific gene were adjusted for age.
5
From 12 to 24 mo before the diagnosis or interview.