TABLE 1.
Trends in intakes and sources of added sugars in US children and adults (≥2 y of age), NHANES 1999–2000 to 2007–20081
| 1999–2000 (n = 8070) | 2001–2002 (n = 9032) | 2003–2004 (n = 8273) | 2005–2006 (n = 8501) | 2007–2008 (n = 8435) | |
| Nutrient intake | |||||
| Added sugars (% of energy)2,*** | 18.1 ± 0.6 | 17.1 ± 0.4 | 15.9 ± 0.4 | 14.5 ± 0.2 | 14.6 ± 0.4 |
| Added sugars (g)*** | 100.1 ± 3.4 | 93.9 ± 1.9 | 88.1 ± 1.7 | 80.1 ± 2.0 | 76.7 ± 2.4 |
| Sugared beverages (% of energy)23,*** | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 7.9 ± 0.4 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 6.6 ± 0.4 |
| Total energy intake (kcal)* | 2145 ± 22 | 2168 ± 17 | 2195 ± 16 | 2161 ± 29 | 2069 ± 24 |
| Fat (% of energy)2,** | 32.6 ± 0.3 | 32.9 ± 0.2 | 33.4 ± 0.2 | 33.6 ± 0.2 | 33.4 ± 0.2 |
| Protein (% of energy)2,*** | 14.8 ± 0.1 | 14.8 ± 0.1 | 14.9 ± 0.1 | 15.5 ± 0.1 | 15.3 ± 0.1 |
| Carbohydrates (% of energy)2,*** | 52.0 ± 0.3 | 52.0 ± 0.3 | 50.6 ± 0.3 | 49.8 ± 0.3 | 50.4 ± 0.3 |
| Carbohydrates other than added sugars (% of energy)2,*** | 33.8 ± 0.6 | 34.9 ± 0.4 | 34.7 ± 0.4 | 35.3 ± 0.3 | 35.8 ± 0.3 |
| Added sugars by food source (g) | |||||
| Sweets*** | 67.1 ± 3.0 | 62.5 ± 1.8 | 57.1 ± 1.9 | 49.5 ± 1.7 | 47.8 ± 2.2 |
| Sodas, regular*** | 37.4 ± 2.2 | 33.4 ± 1.7 | 31.5 ± 1.4 | 24.3 ± 1.0 | 22.8 ± 2.1 |
| Fruitades and sports drinks*** | 10.7 ± 0.5 | 11.1 ± 0.8 | 9.4 ± 0.8 | 9.0 ± 0.5 | 7.4 ± 0.4 |
| Sugar and syrups*** | 9.5 ± 0.7 | 8.3 ± 0.2 | 6.7 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.3 | 6.3 ± 0.2 |
| Candy and gum | 6.1 ± 0.4 | 5.97 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.7 ± 0.4 |
| Coffee and tea | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.4 |
| Alcohol-containing beverages | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.35 ± 0.1 | 0.64 ± 0.1 | 0.38 ± 0.1 | 0.36 ± 0.1 |
| Energy drinks*** | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.03 |
| Grains* | 19.5 ± 0.9 | 18.8 ± 0.4 | 19.0 ± 0.6 | 18.6 ± 0.5 | 17.0 ± 0.5 |
| Cakes and cookies** | 11.3 ± 0.7 | 10.4 ± 0.4 | 11.0 ± 0.5 | 10.7 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.4 |
| RTE cereals** | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.1 |
| Breads and muffins*** | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.1 |
| Other grains*** | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 |
| Dairy products* | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 8.0 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.4 | 7.9 ± 0.2 |
| Dairy desserts* | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 3.8 ± 0.2 |
| Sweetened milk | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 |
| Yogurt | 0.78 ± 0.13 | 1.3 ± 0.06 | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 1.1 ± 0.07 | 1.1 ± 0.07 |
| Other dairy | 0.98 ± 0.77 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.95 ± 0.06 | 0.95 ± 0.06 | 0.88 ± 0.08 |
| Fruit and vegetables*** | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 |
| Protein sources | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 |
| Oils** | 0.85 ± 0.07 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.56 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.60 ± 0.05 |
1
All values are means ± SEs. RTE, ready to eat. One gram of added sugars = 4 calories; 1 teaspoon = 4.2 g. *,**,***Tests for linear trend over the five 2-y cycles between 1999–2000 and 2007–2008 were performed by using Wald's F tests: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
2
Percentage of total calorie intake.
3
Sodas + fruitades and sports drinks.