Table 1.

Intracellular nanoparticle transport studies using particle tracking.

Author (year)	Vector	Vector type	Cargo	Diameter (nm)	Label	Cell	Microscope	Tracking software	Transport parameters	Ref.
Suh et al. (2003)	PEI	Nonviral	Salmon DNA	156	OG514-PEI	COS-7	EF	MetaMorph	MSD, RC	[13]
Suh et al. (2004)	PEI	Nonviral	Salmon DNA	138	OG514-PEI	COS-7	EF	MetaMorph	MSD, D	[14]
de Bruin et al. (2007)	LPEI, EGF-PEG-PEI	Nonviral	pDNA	85–266	Cy5-DNA Cy3-DNA	HuH7	WFF	MATLAB	MSD, D, v	[16]
Bausinger et al. (2006)	PEI	Nonviral	pCMVLuc	85, 165	Cy3-DNA	HuH7	Confocal	Unspecified	MSD, D, v	[15]
Suh et al. (2007)	PEG-COOH-PS	Nonviral	None	100	Proprietary dye	HeLa	EF	MetaMorph	MSD, D, RC	[20]
Lai et al. (2007)	COOH-PS	Nonviral	None	20, 40, 200	Proprietary dye	HeLa, PHUVEC	Confocal	MetaMorph	MSD, D	[22]
Lai et al. (2008)	COOH-PS	Nonviral	None	24, 43	Proprietary dye	HeLa	Confocal	MetaMorph	MSD, D, RC	[21]
Sauer et al. (2009)	MgNP, lipoplex	Nonviral	GFP Nuc pDNA	388	TMR-MgNP, Cy5-DNA	HuH7	WFF	MATLAB	MSD, D, v	[18]
Gopalakrishnan et al. (2006)	Lipid/QD	Nonviral	None	100	Intrinsic	HEK293	Confocal	Unspecified	MSD	[19]
Jin et al. (2008)	SWNT	Nonviral	D(GT)15	2 × 20	Intrinsic	NIH3T3	Fluorescence	ImageJ	MSD	[2]
Neugart et al. (2007)	Nanodiamond	Nonviral	None	50	Intrinsic	HeLa	Confocal	Unspecified	MSD, D	[17]
Lakadamyali et al. (2003)	Influenza X31	Viral	Unspecified	Unspecified	DiD, Cy3, CypHer5	CHO HeLa	DIC, EF	Unspecified	MSD, v	[24]
Babcock et al. (2004)	Influenza X31, vRNP	Viral	Unspecified	30–100	Cy3-vRNP	BS-C-1	DIC, EF	Unspecified	MSD, v	[25]
Suk et al. (2007)	Ad, PEI	Viral	Salmon DNA	143	OG488-PEI GFP-Ad	Rat primary neuron	Confocal	MetaMorph	MSD, D, RC	[26]
Akita et al. (2010)	R8-lip, Ad	Viral	pDNA	189	Rho-lip, TR-Ad	HeLa	WFF	G-track	MSD, D, v	[27]
Seisenberger et al. (2001)	AAV	Viral	Unspecified	20	Cy5-AAV	HeLa	EF	Unspecified	MSD	[23]

AAV: Adeno-associated virus; Ad: Adenovirus; APS: Amine-modified polystyrene; CD: Cyclodextrin; D: Diffusion coefficient; DIC: Differential interference contrast; DiD: 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine; EF: Epifluorescence; FCS: Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; GFP: Green fluorescent protein; HSNF: Human skin normal fibroblast; ICS: Spatio–temporal image correlation spectroscopy; LPEI: Linear polyethylenimine; MgNP: Magnetic nanoparticle; MSD: Mean square displacement; OG: Oregon Green; PEG: Poly(ethylene glycol); PEI: Polyethylenimine; PHUVEC: Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells; PS: Polystyrene; QD: Quantum dot; R8-lip: Octa-arginine-modified liposome; RC: Relative change; Rho: Rhodamine; SWNT: Single-wall nanotube; TMR: Tetramethylrhodamine; TR: Texas Red; v: Velocity; vRNP: Ribonucleoprotein; WFF: Wide-field fluorescence.