Modulation of voltage-gated currents is present in perforated-patch mode. A, Voltage protocol and evoked currents before and after application of s-DHPG in gramicidin perforated patch recordings. B, s-DHPG-dependent current obtained by subtraction. C, The maximal s-DHPG-dependent current versus voltage at which it occurred during the downward ramp in whole-cell (black open circles) and gramicidin recordings (gray open triangles). Black filled symbols, mean ± SEM. Synaptic transmission was blocked by SR95531, DNQX, and CPP.