Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Definite Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis by Geographic Region
| Characteristics, no. (%) | North America n = 26 (23) | Europe & Middle East n = 76 (68) | Australia & New Zealand n = 10 (9) | P value |
| Male sex | 21 (80.8) | 62 (81.6) | 5 (50) | .091 |
| Age, y, median (interquartile range) | 57 (49–67) | 61 (40–71) | 55 (28–77) | .975 |
| Type of IE | .153 | |||
| Native | 15 (57.7) | 52 (75.4) | 10 (100) | … |
| Prosthetic | 7 (26.9) | 10 (14.5) | 0 (0) | … |
| Other | 4 (15.4) | 7 (10.1) | 0 (0) | … |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (30.8) | 8 (10.5) | 0 (0) | .022 |
| Renal impairment | 4 (15.4) | 4 (5.3) | 0 (0) | .223 |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator present | 2 (7.7) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | .241 |
| Congenital heart disease | 3 (11.5) | 2 (2.7) | 1 (10) | .119 |
| Place of acquisition | .028 | |||
| Community | 15 (62.5) | 52 (68.4) | 9 (90) | … |
| Injection drug use associated | 3 (11.5) | 21 (27.6) | 3 (30) | … |
| Healthcare associateda | 9 (37.5) | 24 (31.6) | 1 (10) | … |
| Unknown | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | … |
| New/worsening murmur | 7 (26.9) | 33 (44) | 3 (30) | .570 |
| Echocardiographic findings | ||||
| Aortic or mitral | 16 (61.5) | 46 (61.3) | 6 (60) | 1.000 |
| Tricuspid or pulmonic | 3 (11.5) | 21 (28) | 4 (40) | .108 |
| New regurgitation | 13 (50) | 41 (53.9) | 7 (70) | .573 |
| Intracardiac vegetations | 22 (84.6) | 72 (94.7) | 9 (90) | .212 |
| Vancomycin therapy | 6 (24) | 8 (10.5) | 1 (10) | .183 |
| Complications | ||||
| Stroke | 4 (15.4) | 13 (17.1) | 2 (20) | 1.000 |
| Congestive heart failure | 11 (42.3) | 21 (27.6) | 3 (30) | .398 |
| Persistent bacteremia | 6 (23.1) | 5 (6.6) | 1 (10) | .051 |
| Intracardiac abscess | 4 (15.4) | 8 (10.8) | 1 (10) | .804 |
| Surgery | 9 (34.6) | 29 (38.2) | 4 (40) | .953 |
| Embolization | 5 (19.2) | 25 (32.9) | 4 (40) | .335 |
| In-hospital death | 4 (15.4) | 22 (28.9) | 3 (30) | .376 |
NOTE. Two of 114 patients were excluded from geographical analysis because they originated from South America. None of the P values were statistically significant after multiple comparisons adjustment with a false discovery rate of 10%. IE, infective endocarditis.
a
Includes patients with both nosocomial infection and nonnosocomial healthcare-associated infections.