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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 3.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2011 Aug 3;14(2):264–271. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.06.011

Figure 3. Glycolytic engagement mobilizes pluripotent gene induction.

Figure 3

Similar to ESC and distinct from MEF, live cell imaging of mitochondrial membrane potential identified nascent compact cell clusters with high TMRM fluorescence within 5-7 days of nuclear reprogramming (A). Compared to the low TMRM fluorescence population, high fluorescence cells had significantly elevated glycolytic gene expression (Glut1, Hxk2, Pfkm and Ldha) within 1-week of reprogramming, which by 2-weeks of reprogramming equaled ESC glycolytic gene expression (B). Of note, at week one of reprogramming pluripotent gene expression (Fgf4, Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2) remained low in high TMRM fluorescence cells, similar to the starting MEF, with pluripotent gene induction apparent during the second week (C). Shaded region represents mean ± SEM for ESC gene expression. Values are mean ± SEM, n=3. * P<0.05 versus low TMRM population. Nuclear reprogramming switches oxidative MEF into glycolytic iPSC (D). See also Figure S3.

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