Simulation results. Top row: Equality experiment with ideal observer; distribution of PSE (A), standard deviation (B), and amplitude (C) estimates from 10,000 simulations with 20 trials per contrast level and ideal observer criterion. Medium row: Equality experiment with adjusted criterion; distribution of PSE (D), standard deviation (E), and amplitude (F). Bottom row: Comparative experiment; distribution of PSE (G), and standard deviation (H). Solid lines mark the mean, dashed lines one standard deviation. See text for details.