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. 2011 Aug 16;6(8):e23404. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023404

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Griffin et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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A, Quantitative-RT-PCR analysis of migration genes after 2, 3 and 5 days of stimulation. ES increased the expression of the migratory genes with DC treated Bone marrow stem cells (BMMSCs) showing a significant increase in expression of SDF-1, CXCXR4, PDGF-BB-R, TGF-β-1-R, IGF-1 and IGF-1-R compared to other waveforms (p<0.001) on day 5. B, Quantitative-PCR analysis of invasion genes after 2, 3 and 5 days of ES. CC, DW and PEMF increased the expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP (p<0.001) compared to unstimulated BMMSCs and PEMF cells after 5 days of stimulation. DC treated cells showed similar expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP compared to unstimulated BMMSCs. TIMP-2 expression remained constant for unstimulated and treated BMMSCs. **; p<0 .05, *; p<0.001. SDF-1; Stromal Derived Growth Factor-1, PDGF -BB-R; Platelet derived growth factor beta receptor, TGF-β1-Transforming growth factor-1 receptor, IGF-1;Insulin growth factor-1, IGF-1-R;Insulin growth factor-1 receptor, MMP-2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, MT1-MMP;Membrane Type 1- Matrix Metalloproteinase, TIMP-2;Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2.