Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Persons Diagnosed With Tuberculosis, Stratified by Timing of Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Relation to Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation
| Characteristic | <3 months | ≥3 months | P value3 |
| (n = 20) | (n = 125) | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Median age, years (IQR)1 | 41 (36–45) | 37 (31–42) | .03 |
| Male sex | 18 (90) | 86 (69) | .06 |
| White | 6/17 (35) | 23/104 (22) | .276 |
| Black (US and Canada) | 6/17 (35) | 55/104 (53) | |
| Hispanic | 3/17 (18) | 21/104 (20) | |
| Other | 2/17 (12) | 5/104 (5) | |
| IDU | 6/17 (35) | 32/113 (28) | .576 |
| HAART type | |||
| PI-based | 13 (65) | 71 (57) | .82 |
| NNRTI-based | 6 (30) | 42 (34) | |
| PI + NNRTI or > 3 NRTI | 1 (5) | 12 (10) | |
| TB culture | |||
| Positive | 16 (80) | 82 (66) | .36 |
| Negative | 3 (15) | 36 (29) | |
| Unknown | 1 (5) | 7 (5) | |
| Site of TB disease | |||
| Pulmonary | 9 (45) | 81 (65) | .26 |
| Extrapulmonary | 6 (30) | 21 (17) | |
| Both | 3 (15) | 11 (9) | |
| Unknown | 2 (10) | 12 (10) | |
| Median CD4 prior to HAART (IQR)2 | 61 (32–150) | 134 (57–234) | .04 |
| Mean CD4 (95% CI) including imputed values | 82 (41, 142) | 135 (104, 171) | .05 |
| Median HIV-1 RNA prior to HAART (IQR)3 | 217344 (77473–291594) | 64069 (14399–184291) | .05 |
| Mean HIV-1 RNA (95% CI) including imputed values | 135026 (56252–290805) | 50536 (29107–83871) | .06 |
| Died | 6 (30) | 24 (19) | .397 |
| Time in care before HAART initiation (days)5 | 22 (1–350) | 173 (17–829) | .06 |
| Median year of HAART initiation | 2002 (1999–2004) | 1999.5 (1998–2002) | .11 |
NOTE. When data were not available for the entire group, the number of persons with data available is provided. CI, confidence interval; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; IDU, injection drug use as HIV risk factor; IQR, interquartile range; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI; nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, HIV-1 protease inhibitor; TB, tuberculosis.
At time of HAART initiation.
Median and IQR prior to multiple imputation; 7 individuals with TB diagnosed <3 months and 44 individuals diagnosed ≥3 months had no CD4 within 12 months prior to HAART initiation.
Median and IQR prior to multiple imputation; 9 individuals with TB diagnosed <3 months and 54 individuals diagnosed ≥3 months after HAART start were missing a HIV-1 RNA measurement within 12 months prior to HAART initiation.
Tests were either Fisher’s exact or Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate.
Time in care before HAART initiation is defined as time from first CD4 measurement to initiation of HAART among those with a CD4 prior to HAART initiation.
Comparison of race and IDU by timing of TB remained insignificant after imputation (P = .31 and .44, respectively).
P value is from a Cox proportional hazards model, comparing time to death from TB diagnosis among those with <3 months between HAART initiation and TB diagnosis versus those with ≥3 months.